儒学与中国现代化关系的反思——以东亚模式为视角

Reflections on the Relationship Between Confucianism and China’s Modernization——A Perspective of East-Asian Pattern

儒学与中国现代化的关系问题 ,一直是儒学研究中未解的难题。儒学似乎为近现代中国承载了过多的重负。其实 ,儒学在中国近代社会转型中 ,之所以未能成为延续传统的活力源泉 ,其原因不能只从自身来找 ,还应着眼于儒学作为一种思想体系 ,与中国社会制度结构之间的历史交互作用过程。从社会大系统结构看 ,中国儒学有三个特点 :一是地域的原发性 (及与此相关的文化传承性 ) ,二是“大一统”的文化特性 ,三是文化整合性。中国近代 ,始终没有形成统一的、强有力的中央政府的有效领导 ,儒学也没能围绕现代化目标进行积极有选择的转换。改革开放以后 ,中国现代化步入正轨 ,儒学也再度恢复生机。总结历史经验 。

The relationship between Confucianism and China’s modernization has been always open to discussion. And Confucianism seems to have borne so much of the deadweight for the history of modern and contemporary China. Why hasn’t Confucianism become the fountain that nourishes the development of the traditions? The reason does not lie in Confucianism itself, but it can be defined from the historical interactions between Confucianism and China’s social systems. As far as the macro social structure is concerned, China’s Confucianism demonstrates three characteristics: 1) originality, 2) absolute centralization 3) cultural conformity. In the modern times, China lacked a unified and powerful central government that could achieve effective leadership, and also Confucianism has not taken the initiative in adjusting itself in accordance with the objective of China’s modernization. Since the reform and opening up drive was initiated, China's modernization movement has stepped onto the right path, and Confucianism has once again restored its vitality. From the historical experiences, we can see that we should still hold a reflective attitude toward Confucianism.