西蒙决策理论的优化运用——兼论我国行政决策的科学化与民主化

Optimal Application of Simon′s Theory of Policy Decision——On Realizing Scientific and Democratic Policy Decision in China

行政决策是行政管理的核心 ,提高其科学化和民主化水平 ,是推动我国行政改革和社会发展的必然要求。根据西蒙的理解 ,由于决策主体受各方面因素的制约 ,在其行政决策中存在“有限理性”的情况 ,因此现实生活中能够产生作用的更多是“满意决策” ,而非“最优决策”。为了实现我国行政决策的科学化和民主化 ,必须在科学认识两者的张力基础上 ,贯彻实事求是的思想路线 ,确立科学原则和可行路径 ,在过程中对各种方案进行交换、比较 ,以实践标准、生产力标准、三个有利于标准来引导决策。

Policy decision is the core of public administration. The re fore, it is significant to advance administration reform and society developmen t by means of democratic and scientific policy decision. According to Simon′s e xplanation, because of many obstructing objects, there exists 'limited ration' in policy decision. Hence, the policy that effects is 'satisfactory policy' a nd not 'the best policy'. To make our policy scientific and democratic, we mu st create scientific principle and realistic method, and make po licy by the course of exchange and comparison, by the criterion of practice a nd 'Three benefits'.