沈阳市大气悬浮颗粒物及PAHs、NPAHs分析

Monitoring analysis on concentrations of atmospheric particles and PAHs/NPAHs in Shenyang

目的 调查了解沈阳市大气中悬浮颗粒物及其多环芳烃 (PAHs)、硝基多环芳烃 (NPAHs)的浓度、分布及季节变化情况 ,分析其健康效应。方法 选择沈阳市内机动车交通量有差别的 3所小学校 ,于夏季非采暖期和冬季采暖期各监测 1周 ,每天连续 2 4h样。分别测定样品中PAHs、NPAHs种类与含量。结果 测定的 1 0种PAHs主要以 4个苯环的多环芳烃为主 ,即 :Chr(艹屈)、BaA(苯并a蒽 )、Pyr(芘 )、Flu(荧蒽 ) ;测定 1 1种NPAHs主要以 2NP(夏季 )、2 -NF(冬季 )为主 ,其中粒径在 2 .1 μm以下的分别占 71 % ,67%。夏季非采暖期以粒径 0 .7μm和 5μm的粒子为主 ,冬季采暖期在机动车流量较低地区PAHs、NPAHs浓度大幅度升高 ,并以粒径 2 .1～ 7.0 μm的颗粒物为主。 结论 沈阳市大气中悬浮颗粒物及PAHs、NPAHs主要来源于冬季燃煤等污染 。

Objective To explore the concentrations,distributions and variations of paticles and PAHs and NPAHs in ShenYang and to analyze their effects on humans health.Methods Three primary schools in different areas of Shenyang are selected by the traffic situation in their vicinity and the monitoring instruments are installed.The involved schools are Heping second school,Wenyi second school and Taishan school.The around-the-clock samplings were carried out during the non-heating period,the heating period for a week in 2001 and 2002.Samples of particles were detected by HPLC/FLD(for 10 kinds of PAHs)and HPLC/CLP(for 11 kinds of NPAHs).Results The 10 kinds of PAHs in the particles are Fluoranthene(Flu)?Pyrene(Pyr)?Benzanthracene(BaA),Chrysene(Chr),Benzofluoranthene(BbF),Benzofluoranthene(BKF),Benzopyrene(BaP),Dibenzoarthracene(DBA),Benzoperylene(BgPe),Indenopyrene(IDP),while those with 4 phenyl groups were primary.The 11 kinds of NPAHs are 1,3-dinitropyrene(1.3-DNP),1,6-dinitropyrene(1.6-DNP),1,8-initropyrene(1.8-DNP),2-nitrofluorene(2-nF),2-nitropyrene(2-NP),4-nitropyrene(4-NP),1-nitropyrene(1-NP),6-nitrochrysene(6-NC),7-Nitrobenzoanthracene(7-NBaA),3-nitroperylene(3-NPer),6-nitrobenzopyrene(6-NBaP).The rank of the concentration of PAHs and NPAHs from high to low is Heping district,Shenhe district and Huanggu district.The particles whose diameter are less than 2.1?μm account for 71%,67% of the PAHs and NPAHs in Shenyang.Conclusion The pollution of combustion of coal is the major source of particles and PAHs and NPAHs.More attention should be paid to the prevention.