妇幼卫生项目对降低贫困地区儿童主要疾病发病和死亡的作用

Analysis the effect of maternity and child health services project on reducing the mortality and morbidity rate in the poorest areas in China

为了分析妇幼卫生综合项目对降低贫困地区儿童主要疾病发病和死亡的作用 ,2 0 0 1年选取青海、云南省卫生 项目县和对照县各 1个 ,现场收集项目实施以来儿童主要疾病的发病和死亡资料 ,同时调查获得 41份乡村医生问卷和 475份家长问卷。结果显示项目县乡村医生急性呼吸道感染急重症的诊断和口服补液指导技术比较好 ,家长接受健康教育的次数、知识和行为均明显优于对照县 (P<0 .0 1 )。与 1 997年相比 ,2 0 0 0年项目县 5岁以下儿童肺炎发病率和死亡率明显降低 ,儿童腹泻发病率虽然在此期间下降不显著 ,但死亡专率下降速度大于对照县。提示妇幼卫生综合项目的实施对增强家长自我保健能力、提高乡村医生的卫生服务水平、提高家长对服务的利用 ,降低儿童肺炎。

Objective: In order to analyze the effect of maternity and child health services project on reducing the mortality and morbidity rate in the poorest areas in China. Method: Project county and non project county were randomly chosen in: each province of Yunnan and Qinghai in 2001. Collecting information of the mortality and morbidity on children. 41 questionnaires survey for rural doctors and 475 questionnaires survey for parents of the children under 5 were obtained. Result: It was much better in project counties than in non project counties of diagnosis of extremely serious ARI symptoms and to guide mothers in preparing ORS for diarrhea children by rural doctors and of the parents received more instructions and have good knowledge and performance in nursing and raising ill children ( P <0.01). Compared with that in 1997, the pneumonia morbidity and mortality of children under 5 in the project counties were apparently decreased in 2000. The diarrhea morbidity of children under 5 in the project counties did not show a decrease during the period, but the mortality rate caused by diarrhea was dropped rapidly than non project counties. Conclusion: It improved the service level of rural doctors and enhanced the parents' utilization of the services and reduced the child morbidity and mortality caused by pneumonia and diarrhea through implementing MCH services project.