雉科四种鸟类线粒体DNAR的分子进化

Molecular Evolution Among 4 Species (Phasianidae) of Birds Based on mtDNA Sequence

采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和直接测序的方法分析了4种雉科(Phasianidae)鸟类的线粒体DNA(mtD-NA)控制区基因(D-loop)415bp基因序列.4种鸟类遗传距离在5.90％-23.67％.变异位点数为116个.大石鸡和石鸡的遗传距离为5.90％,二者分歧时间大约是290万年.斑翅山鹑与环颈雉遗传距离为21.06％,分歧时间为1000万年,山鹑属与雉属的遗传距离为21.06％,与石鸡属的遗传距离为22.41％;雉属与石鸡属的遗传距离为22.85％.三者分歧时间在1000-1150万年间,与化石材料相符.在系统树中斑翅山鹑与环颈雉属同一枝,说明1)在雉科系统发生中,雉属与山鹑属是近缘属或2)环颈雉与斑翅山鹑的分化较晚,关系密切,也与Randi得出的斑翅山鹑称为小雉的结论相吻合.

Using PCR technique and dideoxy sequencing method, we analyze a 415 - basepair fragment of mitchondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region gene sequences of 4 species of Phasinanidae in China. Levels of genetic distance among them ranged from 5.90% -23.02%. There were 116 variable sites among these 10 individuals. The genetic distance between Alectoris magna and Alectoris chukar is 5. 90% , and 21.06% between Phasianus and Perdix. According to the that a 2% hypothesis substitution rate of nucleotide acid of control region gene means one million years divergence time in Galliformes, we suggested that the divergence time between Alectoris chukar and Alectoris magna is 2. 9 million years; and 10 million years between Phasianus and Perdix, which are in line with the fossil record of geological age. Genetic distance between Perdix and Phasianus is 21.06% ; 22.41% between Perdix and Alectoris, and 22.85% between Phasianus and Alectoris. The divergence time among them ranged from 10 million years to 11.50 million years. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by means of MEGA software. Phasianus colchicus and Perdix dauuricae are in the same branch, from which we may draw a conclusion that Perdix has closer relationship with Phasianus or they diverged at a later time by comparison and that Perdix dauuricae belongs to Phasianus, which was proposed by Randi, was reasonable.