薇甘菊Mikania micrantha在中国的传播

The Spreads of Mikania micrantha in China

薇甘菊MikaniamicranthaH B K 是危害性极强的世界性恶草。它原产于热带美洲 ,现广布于亚洲热带 ,是新大陆众多假泽兰属Mikania植物中传播至旧大陆的惟一物种 ,并与旧大陆的假泽兰M .cordata(Burm .f.)Robinson共存。薇甘菊在旧大陆的最早记录是 1884年采自香港动植物公园 ,而非 190 7年采于斐济。它在中国的传播始于 19世纪末 ,由原产地引种栽培于香港动植物公园 ,并于 1919在该园附近发现逸生的薇甘菊。 2 0世纪5 0 - 6 0年代 ,薇甘菊在香港地区蔓延开来。 1984年在广东深圳银湖地区发现逸生的薇甘菊 ,80年代末到 90年代已蔓延至广东沿海地区 ,目前蔓延趋势不减。薇甘菊在中国的传播始于香港 ,源于原产地中、南美洲 ,而广东地区的薇甘菊传播无疑地是源于香港。而目前薇甘菊在中国香港和广东境内南亚热带地区的迅速蔓延或许与全球气候变化相关。

Mikania micrantha is of the new world origin and is widely naturalized in the old world tropics.It is the only one species of the Mikania genus of the new world that is sympatris with M\^cordata in the old world.This plant readily takes to distrurbed areas and tends to be “weedly',because M.micrantha grows very fast and is hard to control,it has become one of the worlds worst weeds.Its spread appears to have been facilitated by the increased activity in that part of World during World War Ⅱ.The earliest record of this plant in the old world is 1884 in Hong Kong,China,not is 1907 in Fiji.Its spread source in China is Hongkong zoological and Botanical Garden,where introduced this plant from the tropics of New world and cultivated for ornamental plant,and is widely naturalized in Hong Kong from 1919.The earliest record of this plant in Guangdong is 1984 in Shenzhen,at the late of 1980s and the earily of 1990s this plant invaded the coastline of Guangdong,and very widespread in Hongkong and Guangdong,China.Observably,its spread in China is related to global change.