施肥与大气环境质量──论施肥对环境的影响(1)

EFFECT OF FERTILIZATION ON AIR QUALITY ──EFFECT OF FERTILIZATION ON ENVIRONMENT QUALITY (1)

无机肥和有机肥都是人类可持续发展不可或缺的资源,只要科学使用不会对环境和生态造成负面影响。不良施肥对大气环境的威胁主要来自有机肥,过量使用有机肥可促进土壤中CO2和CH4的排放;有机肥和畜禽粪肥堆放场地有大量氨气污染,有机物的焚烧可直接向大气排放大量的CO2、CH4及固体微粒,使城乡空气严重污染。有机肥和无机N肥的过量使用,都会导致土壤N素积累。土壤中N素的反硝化作用产生N2O, NOx 的排放。避免有机肥和N肥过量,禁止焚烧有机物,覆盖有机肥和畜禽粪肥堆放场,控制反硝化作用,以减少负面效应,保护大气环境质量。

Mineral fertilizer and organic manure both are essential for sustainable development of human society. Scientific use of fertilizers never interferes with our environment and ecosystem. Overuse of fertilizers, however, whether mineral or organic, is certainly harmful to environmental and ecosystem health. Threat to air quality comes mainly from improper use of organic manure, which promotes emission of CO2, CH4, NH3 and N2O, NOx etc.. Burning of organic materials is one of the sources of air pollution. Rational use of fertilizers, do not overuse of fertilizers (N in particular), forbid burning of organic materials in open field, cover compost and animal manure piles and control de-nitrification of soil N are important counter measures suggested for air quality protection.