全球变化的区域响应和适应

REGIONAL RESPONSE AND ADAPTATION TO GLOBAL CHANGE

20世纪 90年代以来 ,全球变化研究进入了一个新的时期 ,其研究方向发生了重大调整 :从认识地球系统基本规律的纯基础研究为主 ,扩展到与人类社会可持续发展密切相关的一系列生存环境实际问题的研究 ;从研究人类活动对环境变化的影响 ,扩展到研究人类如何适应全球环境的变化 ;在更高层次上进行地球系统的综合集成研究。文中对日益受到重视的全球变化区域响应和适应研究的背景进行了分析 ,并着重介绍了一些概念和研究进展 :( 1)对全球和区域环境变化的适应同可持续发展之间的关系。两者应存在协调统一的关系。同时 ,适应应是对区域和全球环境系统的整体性和系统性适应 ,不应是局部的和片面的。( 2 )“有序人类活动”的研究框架。介绍了对“有序人类活动”的一些基本认识 ,以及在虚拟试验研究、示范区建设和长期监测研究等方面的进展。( 3 )集成研究。以东亚区域环境系统和北方干旱化的集成研究为例 。

Since 1990s, the global change studies began its new phase. The orientations of the global change studies significantly changed (1) from the pure basic studies for understanding the fundamental rules regulating the earth system to the ones for the more practical issues about the life support environment in association with sustainable development; (2) from the impacts of human activities on environmental change to the adaptation of human society to global and regional change; (3) for the integrated study on the earth system at a higher level. This paper analyses the background of the study on the regional response and adaptation to global change, which received increasing attention, and introduces some concepts and new research progresses that highlight: (1) The relationship between the adaptation to global and regional change and sustainable development. The two should be closely linked and coordinated as integrated one. At the same time, adaptation should be achieved by treating the activities of the regional or global environment as whole, not by only treating local activities. (2) The framework for “orderly human activities” studies. Introduced are the basic understandings (i.e. the definition, major characteristics, participators, and the studies contents) about “orderly human activities”, and the improvements in virtual numerical experiment studies, demonstration site construction and long-term monitoring. (3) The integrated studies. With a study example on the East Asia regional environment system and aridification in northern China, the methodology and aspects of the integrated studies are introduced.