油桐不同地方品种及家系性状变异的遗传分析

Genetic Analysis of Character Variation for Tung Cultivars and Families

本文根据油桐的13个性状因子,分析了来自6省(区)不同地方品种19个家系多个层次的遗传效应,结果表明:不同地方品种及不同家系的大部分性状都存在着遗传上的显著差异,并有较高的遗传力,品种G.V.C比家系G.V.C高;家系内不同个体的有些性状分离较大,但枝下高等性状具有较大的相似性。油桐还存在着遗传上的地理位置效应:来自湖南的4个家系群体结实量水平最高,比浙江品种增产25.5％,尤以67号家系最佳,比最差家系增产近2.3倍;来自高纬度的河南品种生长和产量最差,而来自低纬度的品种树体生长较旺盛,但产量不很高。结果枝比、每序雌花数的结果数等性状与产量呈紧密的遗传相关关系,可以通过这些性状进行油桐良种的间接选择。

Multi-levelled genetic effects were analyzed for 19 families of tung cultivars from 6 provinces. 13 characters were considered. The results indicated that the cultivars and families differ greatly in most characters whose heritability is high, with cultivars G. V. C higher than families G. V. C. There is marked character segregation between individuals within the families, while a great similarity in higher characters exist below the branched part. The geographic effects were noticed when the growths and yields were compared. The yield of each cultivar is closely correlated with such characters as the ratio of bearing shoots, the number of female flowers on each inflorescence, and the number of fruits born.