重估《庄子》的语言艺术——卮言

Re-Estimation of Zhuang Zi's Language Art-Zhiyan

庄子的是非观决定了他不强立是非的超然态度 ,是《庄子》立言的基础。而出于对语言本身的局限性和对受众因素的考虑 ,《庄子》的文章往往不从正面立论 ,而是利用“谬悠之说 ,荒唐之言 ,无端涯之辞” ,借助形象、故事来寄寓他想要传达的道理。卮言是一种谬悠荒唐、调侃夸张的语言 ,它沟通天人之际 ,介乎言与不言之间。卮言就是载庄子之道的语言 ,它涵盖了庄子语言的内容。

Zhuang Zi's conception of right and wrong determined his attitude that he never forced anyone to accept his theory. Considering the limits of language itself and the acceptors, he always made a point indirectly, using Zhiyan, a kind of ridiculous, illimitable, exaggerated language and images to carry his Tao. It is held that Zhiyan is a kind of language somewhere between speech and non-speech and through which man can communicate with heaven. Zhiyan, the language that carries Zhuang Zi's Tao, covers all the characteristics of Zhuang Zi's language, including content, form, style, and so on. It may be said that Zhuang Zi's language is zhiyan.