宁夏春小麦磷素利用效率的基因型差异研究

Genotypic differences in phosphorus utilization efficiency among spring wheat varieties in Ningxia

在不同施磷土壤条件下,采用肥料田间试验和测试分析方法,研究了宁夏春小麦磷素利用效率及其有关性状的基因型差异。结果表明,不论施磷与否,小麦籽粒产量、生物学产量、磷肥增产率、地上部茎叶和籽粒中含磷量以及磷素吸收累积量、磷素利用效率等均存在明显基因型差异,且这种差异在低磷条件下更为明显。在低磷条件下,籽粒生产中的磷素利用效率变化在160.1～448.3kg/kg之间,平均为223.1kg/kg,变异系数为23.05％;干物质生产中的磷素利用效率变化在332.6～898.5kg/kg之间,平均为458.4kg/kg,变异系数为22.57％。从中筛选出低磷高产高效品种8个。在较高供磷条件下,籽粒生产中的磷素利用效率变化在150.9～350.9kg/kg之间,平均为229.8kg/kg,变异系数为20.63％;于物质生产中的成素利用效率变化在358.3～746.5 kg/kg之间,平均为482.Ikg地,变异系数为 18.76％。从中筛选出高磷高产高效品种7个。通过相关分析,研究了不同供成条件下磷素利用效率与其它营养性状之间的关系,提出了培育磷高效品种的有用性状指标。

Fertilizer field experiment and testing analysis were conducted to study genotypic differences in phosphorus utilization efficiency(PUE) among spring wheat varieties under the different rates of phosphorus application in Ningxia. The results showed that wether P fertilizer was applied or not grain yield, biological yield, increasing yield percentage of phosphorus applied, phosphorus concentration in grain and stem with leaves, phosphorus accumulation in grain and in overground parts of plant, phosphorus utilization efficiency were significantly different among wheat genotypes. The variations of them were much more in lower levels of phosphorus in soil than in higher ones. Under lower levels of phosphorus application, the phosphorus utilization efficiencies in grain production ranged from 160. 1 to 448. 3 kg/kg, 223.1 kg/kg on average. The coefficient of variation was 23. 05%. The phosphorus utilization efficiencies in dry matter production of overground parts of plant varied from 332. 6 to 898. 5 kg/kg, 458. 4 kg/kg on average. The coefficient of variation was 22. 57%. Eight varieties of both high yield and high phosphorus utilization efficiency had been selected from 100 wheat varieties used under lower levels of phosphorus application. Under higher levels of phosphorus supply, the phosphorus utilization efficiencies in grain production varied from 150. 9 to 350. 9 kg/kg, 229. 8 kg/kg on average. The coefficient of variation was 20. 63%. The phosphorus utilization efficiencies in dry matter production of overground parts of plant varied from 358. 3 to 746. 5 kg/kg, 482.1 kg/kg on average. The coefficient of variation was 18. 76%. Seven varieties of both high yield and high phosphorus utilization efficiency had been selected from 100 wheat varieties under higher levels of phosphorus supply. The relationships between phosphorus utilization efficiency and nutritional characteristics of wheat varieties were studied by correlation analysis at the different levels of phosphorus application. The available indicators for culturing varieties of wheat with high efficiency of phosphorus were put forward.