渭北旱地小麦留茬深松膜侧沟播耕作技术体系研究

Studies on tillage system of stubble mulching and subsoiling and furrow sowing on side of film mulch for dryland winter wheat in Weibei Plateau

试验结果表明,留茬、深松、膜侧沟播是融“深松储水效应”、“残茬覆盖保水增肥效应”和“起垄覆膜沟播聚水、保水、增温、透光效应”于一体的旱地小麦机械化保护性耕作技术体系,具有极好的生态效益、社会效益和经济效益;夏闲期留茬覆盖、深松耕可把占小麦全生产年度50％的夏闲期降水最大限度地蓄积并保存于土壤之中,较传统翻耕法多蓄水76.2mm,蓄水率达50％以上;在夏闲期多蓄水的基础上,种麦时再应用起垄覆膜沟播技术,既可以把夏闲期蓄积到土壤中的水分最大限度地保住,又可把小麦生育期的降水量最大限度地蓄住,加之地膜覆盖的增温效应,从而使旱地小麦的水、热条件明显改善,达到既增产增收,又保水保土的效果。

Research results show that mechanized conservative tillage system for dryland winter wheat, which consists of high stubble mulching, subsoiling and furrw sowing on side of film mulch, has remarkable effects on keeping soil moisture, maintaining soil fertility and increasing soil temperature. Keeping high wheat stubble and subsoiling in summer fallow period can collect almost all the rain in this period and store over 55% in soil, which is 76. 2 mm more than that by conventional tillage. On the basis of storing more water in summer fallow period, adoption of the technique of making ridges with film mulching and seeding in furrows in sowing time can also heep rain water in soil as much as possible during wheat gronth, which then increases the soil moisture and further increases yield of wheat, as well as income of farmers.