基于遥感和GIS的松嫩沙地土地利用/土地覆被时空格局研究

Study on Spatial-temporal Pattern of Songnen Sandy Land Use/Cover based on RS and GIS Technology

利用1986年和2000年2期TM影像资料,建立相应的空间图形库系统,定量分析了松嫩沙地典型区近15a来土地利用数量变化,从土地利用斑块特征、斑块空间邻接关系变化和主导变化类型角度对土地利用/覆被格局进行了清晰的空间描述。结果表明,研究时段内该区土地利用量变和质变活跃。耕地面状成片、条带状延伸和斑块状空间扩展,从整体上呈现集中化特征。较大面积的草地和林地被分割、破碎化,小块盐碱化草地空间聚集与扩张。耕地与草地、草地与盐碱地空间相邻度变大,草地开垦强度增大、土地盐碱化日益严重。空间变化上表现为耕地、林地、草地和未利用地之间相互转化,以草地、林地-旱地,草地-未利用地,未利用地-旱地、水田及旱地-水田最为显著。

A quantitative research on spatial\|temporal pattern of land use/cover during 1986\_2000 of Songnen Sandy Land has been conducted based on the Spatial Cartographic Database System. Results showed that the land use/cover in Songnen Sandy Land had undergone dramatic changes. The area of farmland and salinized land increased rapidly while that of grassland, woodland, and water area decreased significantly in the 15 years. The arable land and salinized land patches congregated and expanded, while the landscape of grassland and forestland were becoming more fragmented. The spatial neighboring properties of the land use/cover types were quite different. In the 15 years, the neighboring length between grassland and arable land, grassland and salinized land increased, which showed that the over reclamation on limited grassland resource were severe. The dominant land use change types were the conversion of grassland and woodland into farmland, unused land into paddy and dryland, grassland into salinized land and dryland into paddy field.