南疆沙尘暴气候特征分析

Analysis on the Climatic Characteristics of Sandstorms in South Xinjiang

根据新疆地面气象记录月报表,整理出1961—1999年39a南疆42个气象观测站的沙尘暴天气现象资料并进行统计分析,给出南疆地区沙尘暴的时空分布特征。结果表明:①南疆沙尘暴的高发区在塔克拉玛干沙漠,沙漠南缘高于其它周边地区;②沙尘暴的多发年代在20世纪70年代,90年代沙尘暴的发生明显减少;③沙尘暴主要出现在3～8月,最活跃的是4～6月;④塔里木盆地全天都有沙尘暴发生,主要是在2～6时、11～15时、19～24时三个时段,其它地区在15～22时;⑤塔里木盆地周边地区多数沙尘暴持续时间在2 5h以内,其它地区大多数沙尘暴持续在30min以内。沙尘暴的最长持续时间盆地周边超过20h,其它地区在10h之内。

In this paper, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of sandstorm were analyzed based on the 39 years sandstorm data from 1961 to 1999 at 42 weather stations in South Xinjiang. The results are as follows: ①Sandstorm occurs most frequently in Taklimakan desert, and more in the southern periphery than in the others of the desert. ②Sandstorm occurs more frequently in 1970s, and has been decreasing since 1990. ③Sandstorm occurs mainly from March to August, and more frequently from April to June. ④There are occurrences of sandstorms all\|day in Tarim Basin, more frequently during 2:00～6:00,11:00～15:00 and 19:00～24:00 oclock, while during 15:00～22:00 oclock in the other regions. ⑤The persistence time of sandstorm is within 30 minutes in most regions, but within 2\^5 hours in the periphery of Tarim Basin. The longest persistence time of sandstorm is over 20 hours in the periphery of Tarim Basin, and within 10 hours in the others.