风沙对黄河内蒙古河段河道泥沙淤积的影响

Contribution of Sand Sources to the Silting of Riverbed in Inner Mongolia Section of Huanghe River

通过对黄河内蒙古河段河道淤积泥沙打钻采样,以及黄河沿岸及支流产沙地层采样分析对比,暴雨、洪水等分析追踪河道淤积泥沙源地表明,黄河内蒙古河段河道泥沙淤积主要来源于乌兰布和沙漠及十大孔兑(沟谷)的库布齐沙漠和丘陵沟壑梁地。通过输沙平衡法计算该河段河道泥沙淤积量得知,1954—2000年该河段淤积泥沙总量约20 11亿t,其中大于0 1mm的粗沙为15 57亿t,占总量的77 424%;小于0 1mm的泥沙约4 54亿t,占总量的22 57%。风成沙入黄淤积量是:乌兰布和沙漠6 0552亿t;库布齐沙漠5 8499亿t;二者约占大于0 1mm粗泥沙总量的76 46%。

Approaches of drilling river sediment samples, contrasting sand samples from the profiles both in Huanghe River bank and its branches, and analyzing rainstorms and floods were adopted to trace the sand sources of Huanghe River within Inner Mongolia section. The result showed that the sand sources mainly include Ulan Buh Desert, Hobq Desert and several dissected hills. By the Balance Method, the total deposition amount of mud and sand in this river section was calculated at 20\^11×108 t from 1954 to 2000, among which coarse sand ≥0\^1mm occupied 15\^57×10\+8 t and 77\^424% of the total, that less than 0\^1 mm accounted for 4\^54×108 t and 22\^57%. Contributions of sand sources to the 20\^11×108  t silting are as follows: 6\^0552×108  t from Ulan Buh Desert and 5\^8499×108  t from Hobq Desert.