对门诊血液透析患儿的家庭健康指导

Home nursing instructions for children with hemodialysis

目的 了解门诊血液透析患儿的家庭健康指导效果。方法 对患儿进行饮食指导(包括蛋白质、热量的摄入,保持水电解质平衡);血管通路的维护;皮肤护理;日常生活及心理指导。通过定期随访及采用自行设计的调查表调查门诊透析患儿及家属在进行健康指导前后对透析相关知识掌握程度。结果 健康指导前后患儿及家属对饮食、血管维护、皮肤护理、日常生活习惯等健康知识掌握程度经X^2检验,P均<0.01,有显著性差异。结论 通过健康指导,大大提高了患儿及家属在饮食、血管维护、皮肤护理、日常生活习惯方面的知识,患儿积极主动地配合治疗,为透析或肾移植提供了良好的生理及心理条件。

Objective To evaluate the effect of health education for the outpatient children with hemodialysis. Methods The children were given diet instructions such as intake of protein, energy, balance of water electrolyte, protection of vascular access, nursing of skin, nursing of daily life and psychological instructions. Regular fellow-up and self-designed questionnaire were used to understand the hemodialysis-related knowledge of the children and their families before and after health education. Results Health education promotes children and families understanding the knowledge of diet, prevention of vascular access and skin nursing and daily life. Therefore, the children are active in cooperating with treatment so as to provide a good physical and psychological basis for hemodialysis or kidney transplantation.