塔里木河下游输水与生态恢复监测初报

Preliminary Report of Water transportation and Ecological Restoration in the Lower Reaches of Tarim River

根据近三年塔里木河下游生态输水前后地下水位、水质、土壤、植被等项内容的监测资料 ,分析了塔里木河下游输水对地下水位、水质的影响 ,揭示了输水与地表生态的响应过程 ,探讨了地下水位与天然植被生长、恢复的相互关系 ,阐述了植被退化过程及相关因子 ,确定了维系塔河下游生态安全的最低生态需水量、最佳生态水位。

In order to rescue strategic 'green corridor' in the lower reaches of Tarim River, water transportation engineering has been bring into effect from May 14th,2000, water has been transported from Bosten Lake to Daxihaizi reservoir, then transported to the lower reaches of Tarim River.Untile these days, water transportation tasks have been completed for four times, water was arrived at Tatema lake, the terminal lake of lower reaches in Tarim River, on Nov.2, 2001 and Oct.4, 2002. Combined with the ecological water transportation, nine monitoring section of groundwater were distributed along the Qiwenkur River from Daxihaizi reservoir to Tatema lake in the lower reaches of Tarim River, sections are respectively Akdun, Yahapumahan,Yingsu, Abudale, Kardayi, Tugmailai, Alagan, Yiganbujima and Kaogan. Such monitoring contents as groundwater, Groundwater quality, soil, vegetation, cellularity of plant and animalcule were carried out before and after ecological water transportation at these sections. With three-year monitoring in lower reaches of Tarim River, abundant data were accumulated. Based on the change of shallow groundwater level, waterborne salt and ecological restoration process of vegetation after conducting ecological water transportation, physiological, ecological response of vegetation to the change of groundwater and physical and chemical character of soil and its change process were researched after comducting ecological water transportation under the condition of extreme drought. Ecological requiring water quantity and optimal ecological groundwater level maintaining ecological safety were confirmed in the lower reaches of Tarim River. According to monitoring data during recent three years, this paper analyses that the surface water transportation effect on vegetation and the change range of groundwater, geology and physiognomy process, analyses the causes of entironment regression from the angle of the change of groundwater level, water qualities, biodiversity before and after water transportation.