司马迁与董仲舒夷夏观之比较

A Comparative Study of Sima-Qian's and Dong-Zhongshu's Out looks on Yi-Xia

董仲舒和司马迁是汉武帝时期涌现出的两位杰出的思想家。本文着重对两人的夷夏观作了比较论述,认为二者之间存在着明显的不同:董仲舒继承和发展了先儒特别是《公羊传》的夷夏观,他虽然从大一统的角度提出了"王者爱及四夷"的思想,却重视依据"从变从义"的原则,借助于灾异论的形式来辨明夷夏之别;司马迁则"不斤斤于夷夏之别",《史记》从编撰体例到思想内含无不充分体现了司马迁的夷夏一统的思想。

Dong-Zhongshu and Sima-Qian were two outstandin g thinkers of the period of Hanwu Emperor. The author gives a comparative study of their different outlooks on Yi-Xia and reaches the following co nclusion: Dong Zhongshu accepted and developed the ideas of the previous Confuci anists, especially the ideas in Gongyangzhuan. Though Dong Zhongs hu brought up the idea of 'The king should take care of all nationalities' to strengthen the unification of the whole country, he put his emphasis on distingu ishing their differences according to actual situations. Sima Qian did not empha size their differences and his A General History of China, both i n content and in form, fully reveals his idea of the unification of all national ities in China.