260例青少年学生心理疾病的临床资料分析

A clinical analysis of 260 cases of psychological diseases of young school students

目的 探讨在校青少年学生心理疾病的诊断分类、影响治疗的因素及相关问题。方法 采用心理门诊确诊的 2 6 0例青少年学生病例 ,采用调查表对其父母文化、家庭居住地、初始患病年龄、就医时间、就医态度、接受治疗以及患病对学业及社交影响的情况进行调查。结果 神经症及适应障碍位居疾病分类的前 6位 (占 85 76 % ) ;疾病类型与性别、年龄间差别有显著性意义 (P <0 0 5 ) ;父母文化、居住地与就医时间及态度间差别有显著性意义(P <0 0 0 1 ) ;初始患病年龄 1 5～ 1 8岁占 71 1 5 % ;患病后不愿到精神卫生机构就医者占 89 78% ;学业及人际关系在高中与大学组间差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 0 1 )。结论 影响青少年学生心理健康及疾病治疗的主要因素为 :学习负担过重 ;对青少年学生心理健康状况重视不足 ;对心理疾病的治疗存在偏见及措施不力。

Objective To explore the diagnostic classification of psychological diseases,the factors relating to treatment and other related matters.Methods 260 cases of school students were investigated with self-designed questionnaires such as the onset age,convulsive time,attitude toward consulting doctor and treatment and the effect of psychological disease on their education and social function.Results Neurosis and adaptive disorder were among the top 6 types;the types of psychological disease were significantly related with gender,age(P<0 05 and 0 01 respectively) while the education of parents and residential place were significantly related with consulting time and attitude toward consulting doctor (P<0 01);the onset time were mostly between 15 and 18 (71 15%);89 78% were reluctant to go to mental institution;the attitude toward education and interpersonal relation were significantly different between high school and college school students (P<0 01).Conclusion The factors that influence the mental heath of school students and the treatment of these disorders were:overburden of education;inadequate attention toward mental heath of school students;the prejudice toward psychological diseases and inadequate measures for psychological health.Some measures should be taken to improve the level of mental health of school students.