遗传和体质分析草苗的起源

Origin of Grass Hmong as Revealed by Genetics and Physical Anthropology

我国湘桂黔交界处的草苗是苗族的一个特殊支系,具有汉族、苗族和侗族的风俗,操侗语,是国内民族融合最复杂的群体之一,对民族理论和群体遗传学理论研究有重要意义.用主成分分析的方法研究了广西融水草苗的三类指标.对草苗研究了Y染色体单核苷酸多态位点(SNP)单倍型,发现其与汉族基本一致,而与侗傣群体和苗瑶群体不同.列出了草苗的体质特征,发现其面貌特征接近侗傣群体.对草苗的肤纹分析又发现其最接近苗瑶群体.这说明草苗的父系祖先应该来自汉族;而母系成分最早一段时期可能来自苗族,使其心理上认同为苗族;后来由于处于侗族的优势分布区中,不断与侗族交流,又吸收了侗族的遗传结构并接受了侗语.草苗的复杂遗传结构说明中国的民族交流是频繁的,研究民族源流时一定要充分认识到这种复杂性.

Grass Hmong (Cao Miao) on the boundary of three provinces, Hunan, Guangxi and Guizhou, is a special branch of official Hmong Nationality. They have the customs of Han, Hmong and Kam, and speak Kam, so this population shall be one of the most mixed populations in China, and will be quite valuable to academic studies of ethnology and population genetics. Three kinds of characters of Grass Hmong in Rongshui Guangxi were studied with principle component analysis. Ychromosome single nucleotide acid polymorphism haplotypes show Grass Hmong is consistent to Han Chinese, and different from HmongMien and KamTai. Physical characters of Grass Hmong are also listed in this paper. The facial features of Grass Hmong is found fairly close to KamTai populations. Grass Hmong's dermatoglyphy is close to HmongMien populations. This reveals that the paternal ancestors of Grass Hmong shall come from Han, and maternal members may be from Hmong at the beginning which made them identify with Hmong, when they lived in the surrounding of Kam later they accepted some Kam members and Kam language. The complex genetic structure of Grass Hmong clues on the continual intercourse between ethnic groups in China, and this complexity must be noticed during ethnic headstream studies.