人工饲养东北虎幼虎的行为时间分配

Time budget of young Amur tiger in captivity

1 999年 4月～ 2 0 0 0年 4月 ,采用随机取样法和瞬时扫描取样法对黑龙江东北虎林园的 30只幼虎的行为时间分配及活动规律进行了研究。结果表明 ,幼虎用于运动和卧息的时间较多 ,为 ( 32 .0 8± 1 2 .39) %和 ( 2 8.0 2± 1 0 .76) % ;用于睡眠、站立和嬉戏的时间次之 ,分别为 ( 1 1 .9± 2 5 .2 1 ) %、( 9.0 6± 4.71 ) %和( 1 4.49± 8.72 ) % ;其它行为最少 ,为 ( 4 .66± 3.2 8) %。步行区幼虎园和幼虎园的幼虎活动规律较为相似 ,与育成虎园的幼虎相差较大。单因素方差分析表明幼虎不同个体间不存在显著差异 ,不同年龄组间的运动、卧息和嬉戏差异极显著 ,睡眠差异显著 ,站立和其它行为差异不显著。

A study of time budget and activity rhythm of 30 young Amur tigers (< 3 years old) was carried out at Heilongjiang Amur tiger Park located in Harbin from April 1999 to April 2000. The observed tigers were sortedinto 3 groups of 10 tigers for each group according to their ages. Group A was formed by cubs from 100 days old to 1 year old; group B was from 1 to 2 years old, group C from 2 to 3 years old respectively. A preliminary observation of 12 days was carried out before the major study period to recognize the basic behaviors of young Amur tigers by ad libitum sampling methods during April 1999. The major study was carried out from May 1999 to April 2000 and instantaneous and scanning sampling method was employed. Data was collected by seasons (spring: March to May, summer: June to August, Autumn: September to November, winter: December to February) and each group was observed 12 days for each season. Therefore, each group was observed for 48 days during the one-year study period. Behaviors of each tiger were recorded every 5 minutes in each observation day. Six types of behavior were identified for the young animals, i.e. moving, sleeping, resting, standing, playing and other behaviors during the study. There were no significant differences in the time that each individual spent in each behavior within groups; therefore, we pooled the group's data together. The results indicated that young Amur tigers are more likely moving and resting than sleeping, standing and playing during the day time. Moving and resting could consist of 32.08±12.39 % and 28.02±10.76% of their time, and sleeping, standing and playing, were recorded in 11.9±25.21%, 9.06±4.71%, and 14.49±8.72% of the day time respectively. The percent of other behaviors was lowest among the various behaviors, only took 4.66±3.28%. Activity rhythm of A and B groups showed some similarities, and those of A, B and C groups showed a little differences. Tigers in different ages showed stronger significant differences in time that was spent in moving, resting and playing (P<0.01), and significant difference in sleeping (P<0.05) and no difference in standing and other behaviors. Tigers would gradually spend more time in moving, as they were growing elder, sleeping and resting less. Individuals less than 2 years old would play more frequently than the elder ones. The activity pattern of the young Amur tiger was similar to those of Bengal tiger in India. Suggestions on management for captive Amur tiger were given.