摘要
预设与蕴含有着一定的联系,不易区别开。对于预设和蕴含,弗雷格、罗素、斯特劳森等有所论及,本文旨在区别预设和蕴含,并探讨预设只涉及语句的名词性成分,而蕴含与所陈述的命题有关。且预设不是语句中固定不变的,不受语境制约的成分,它是可消除的。而蕴含是一种纯逻辑推理,具有不可消除性。预设则是一种特殊的蕴含。蕴含是语句中信息的一部分,而预设则是信息的背景。
Presuppostition has so many relations with entailment that the subtle distinctions between them become the barrier to some scholars. The arguments of Frege, Russell and others represent the hard study process of the problems above. The thesis distinguishes between the presupposition and the entailment from many viewpoints. It argues that the presuppositions only relate to the nominal elelments in a sentence, but the entailments to the proposition of a statement. And it says that the presuppositions can be defeasible because of its being ungoverned by context, while the entailment just is a pure logical reasoning. In view of the multiple valual logic, the thesis argues that the presupposition is a particular entailment. Taking the theory of Grice into account, the thesis author thinks that the entailment is a part of the information of a sentence, but the presupposition is the background of the information.
