试论项目经济评价在发展中国家的价格“失真”问题

A Discussion on the Problem of Price Distortion in Project Economic Evalustion In Developing Countries

在市场机制比较完善的发达资本主义国家 ,经济评价方法的应用相对于发展中国家来说比较简单。很多情况下可以蜕化为一般的财务评价 ,而并不影响其评价结果 ,因为其价格比较合理 ,外部效果常常可以在合理的价格机制下自然消失等。而发展中国家由于权利比较集中 ,政府投资较多 ,市场机制不完善 ,从企业和国家这两个基本目标对费用和效益分析时相差甚远 ,因此项目经济评价较发达国家复杂得多。究其原因 ,主要是因为价格失真影响造成的。文章就项目经济评价在发展中国家价格“失真”的问题进行了分析和探讨 ,提出采用影子价格解决这一问题是较为可行的方法的观点。

There are comparative perfect market mechanism in developed capitalist countries, the use of economic evaluation method is more simple than that of developing countries and may become general financial evaluation in many instances, and the evaluation result is not influenced. Because of reasonable prices, external impact may often disappear under reasonable price mechanism, and so on. As a result of the tight collection, more state investment, imperfect market mechanism in developing countries, the analysis of cost and benefit from enterprise and country is quite different, and the economic evaluation of a project in developing countries is more complex than that of developed countries. The reason is the price distortion. The article analyses and discusses the problems of price distortion in project economic evaluation in developing countries, and puts forward the feasible method of abopting shadow price.