“两群”主要玉米自交系部分性状的比较研究

Comparative study on the traits of maize inbreds representing two eras of maize production

研究了国内 80年代和 70年代玉米生产上应用的主要自交系的性状表现 ,利用 6× 13不完全双列杂交模式分析了各性状的一般配合力 (GCA)。结果表明 ,近代玉米自交系自身的籽粒产量、生物学产量、单株叶面积和株型得到了显著改良 ;其余多数穗部性状和叶片功能期也有一定改良。与此同时 ,籽粒产量、生物学产量、单株叶面积等性状的 GCA显著提高 ;部分果穗性状的 GCA有所增加 ,但行粒数、百粒重和雄穗的 GCA降低。部分性状及其 GCA的遗传改良进展对提高近代玉米杂交种的产量潜力、降低种子生产成本都有重要作用。分析认为 ,当前玉米自交系遗传改良在拓宽群体遗传基础的前提下 ,应致力于多性状的协调发展或同步改良以及自交系自身结实性的改良。

Characteristics of decade groups of maize ( Zea mays L.) inbreds typical of those used in Chinese maize production in 1980 s and 1970 s were investigated,and general combining ability (GCA) of various traits were evaluated by 6×13 diallel cross,the results showed that grain yield,biomass,leaf area per plant and ideotype of recent maize inbreds were improved significantly;green period and majority of yield component traits also performed better.At the same time,GCA of grain yield,biomass,leaf area per plant increased significantly;GCA of some yield component traits also increased,but GCA of tassel characters decreased.The genetic gains of above traits and their GCA played an important role in increasing yield potential of recent hybrids,and to the reduction of the cost of producing hybrid seeds.We suggest that the further improvement of available maize inbreds should emphasize on genetic foundation of the mass and harmony improvement of various traits.