夏季修剪对秦美猕猴桃叶幕特性及结果的影响

Effect of different summer pruning on characters of leaf canopy and fruiting in kiwifruit

对秦美猕猴桃品种进行了不同夏剪处理试验 ,留足预备枝、疏除多余发育枝、强旺结果枝轻摘心相结合 ,使树冠内膛光照改善 ,叶幕下层的光强度为全光照的 7.1% ,净光合率为 1.8μmol/ (m2· s) ,落叶率 4 .2 % ;产量 35 838kg/ hm2 ;平均单果重 113.5 g,果实采收硬度 6 .1kg/ cm2 ,室温下贮藏 2 0 d后为 1.1kg/ cm2 ,果实软熟后可溶性固形物含量 14 5 g/ kg;翌年每结果母枝着生 8.9个结果枝 ,每结果枝着生 4 .8个以上花序 ,强旺结果枝占到5 6 .7% ,均显著优于现行的疏除徒长枝、旺盛结果枝在结果部位之上留 5叶摘心的方法。在本实验条件下 ,秦美品种的叶面积指数保持在 2 .9,叶果比保持在 4∶ 1较为适宜。

Experiment of different summer pruning on kiwifruit ( Actinidia deliciosa Liang C F et Ferguson A R.cv.Qinmei) was conducted.Integration of reserving shoots for next year,thinning out extra no fruiting shoots and light tipping of strong fruiting shoots increased light penetration of leaf canopy,PFD/full PFD under canopy being 7.1%,Pn 1.8 μmol/(m 2·s),leaf falling 4.2%;yield 35 838 kg/hm 2;Average fruit weight 113.5 g,fruit flesh firmness 6.1 kg/cm 2 when harvested,1.1 kg/cm 2 after 20 d storage at room;8.9 fruiting shoots per cane and 4.8 florescences per fruiting shoot,strong fruiting shoots over 56.7% of total fruit shoots in next year.All these are significantly better than current summer pruning method which thin out water shoots and cut strong fruiting shoots to 5 leaves above fruiting node.To cultivar Qinmei,under the condition of this experiment,a leaf area index 2.9,and a leaf to fruit ratio 4∶1 is suitable.