灰葡萄孢及其毒素的生物活性测定

The bioassay of Botrytis cinerea and its metabolite

用对峙培养法和生长速率法分别测定灰葡萄孢及其毒素对植物病原真菌的抑菌活性 ;用抑菌圈法测定毒素对植物病原细菌的抑菌活性 ;用浸渍法测定毒素的杀虫活性 ;以种子幼根幼芽生长抑制率为活性指标 ,测定毒素对杂草种子发芽力的抑制活性及对农作物种子发芽势的影响 ;在杂草出苗后喷施毒素 ,测定毒素对杂草幼苗的杀伤活性和对出苗后农作物生长的影响。结果发现 ,3d内灰葡萄孢毒素对小麦纹枯病菌、小麦根腐病菌和小麦赤霉病菌的抑制率达 5 6 %以上 ;1d内毒素对马铃薯环腐病原细菌的抑菌圈直径为 6 mm,对白菜软腐病原细菌的抑菌圈直径为 9m m;毒素原液对黏虫、小菜蛾和菜青虫的杀伤活性很小 ,对反枝苋和牵牛花等双子叶杂草幼苗的杀伤活性达 10 0 % ,对禾本科作物和杂草苗后生长影响很小。毒素对单子叶杂草和双子叶杂草的种子发芽均有抑制作用 ,对禾本科作物种子发芽也有一定影响。

Botrytis cinerea and its metabolite were bioassayed.The results shows that Botrytis cinerea and the metabolite both have a significant fungitatic property to Rizoctonia cerealis,Cochlioblus sativus and Gibberella zeae ,the inhibiting rate to three fungi was above 56%.The metabolite also has an antibacterial property to Erwinia carotovora and Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus .The herbicidal effect of the metabolite is remarkable,all kinds of weeds tested were extremely restrained by the metabolite in seed germination phase.For seedling,the Amaranthus retroflerus L.and other dicotyledon weeds were strongly harmed when the metabolite was sprayed on them,but wheat and corn tested were not harmed when same amount of it was used.Thus,the metabolite may be used as a herbicide to inhibit the dicotyledon weeds in wheat and corn fields,and also be used as an fungitatic agent to protect wheat from Rizoctonia cerealis,Cochlioblus sativus and Gibberella zeae ect.