美国急性传染病的预防控制体系

The System of US for Emergmg Infectious Disease Prevention and Control

急性传染病是美国死亡率最高的疾病之一。(Center for Disease Control and Prevention CDC)与联邦政府部门和其他机构合作,提供健康监视和预防体系,落实疾病预防计划和措施,管理全国健康统计数据,提供检疫指导、工作场地安全和环境疾病预防等服务,形成了较为有效和完善的急性传染病预防和控制体系。本文介绍了CDC在预防和控制急性传染病方面的主要做法,包括制定全面控制规划,建立监测体系,提高监测能力。开展应用研究,提高实验室检测能力。及时发布信息,开展全面指导。注重专业人员的培训,推广预防控制传染病的新技术、新方法。推行疫苗接种计划,改善医疗机构防治策略。加强国际合作,提供国际疾病传播监管服务。对医疗和生物恐怖紧急情况的快速反映是预防和控制体系的一个组成部分,包括制订医疗和生物恐怖紧急情况的全国反应计划,制定快速反应程序和规范,及时发布预警信息,协调快速反应力量及时反应,储备医疗物资,健全快速反应机制。CDC成功的预防措施和实践显示了其预防和控制体系的优势。

Infectious disease is one of the leading causes of death in United States. Center for Disease Control and Prevention CDC works with federal, state and local partners services for the public health nationwide by offering the system of the health surveillance and disease preventing, implementing the preventing strategy and measures, manages the statistical date of public health, instructing quarantine, and prevents environmental disease in working site, etc. . It has become an effective and completed system. This paper introduced the major measures and practice of CDC on preventing serious infectious diseases, including making the national control strategy, strengthen disease surveillances, enhancing the ability of surveillance, promoting the applying research, enhancing epidemiologic and laboratory ability, disseminating guidelines and information, providing and supporting the training for professional, promoting new methods and technologies, implementing the immune plan, improving the protecting strategy in hospitals and medical centers, reinforcing international collaborating and providing the service for international surveillance of diseases outbreak. The response to medical and biological emergency is a part of the system as well as, including making response plan nationwide for medical and biological emergencies preparedness, regulating the procedures and rules for rapid responding, disseminating the health alert information , coordinating the task forces to emergency, developing the stockpile for emergency response, establishing the emergency mechanisms to prompt response, and so on. CDC's successful measures and practice has shown the advantages of the system on emerging infectious diseases prevention and control.