西藏地区3岁以下儿童辅食添加状况调查

The introduction of complementary food of children under the age of three years in Tibet of China

目的 了解西藏地区 3岁以下儿童的辅食添加状况。方法 采用横断面调查设计与分层多阶段随机抽样法 ,获得 16 5 5对母与子 ,通过母亲回顾调查了儿童的辅食添加情况 ,并与 1995年中国 9市 (城区和郊区 ) 7岁以下儿童及同时期中国西部 4 0个贫困县农村 3岁以下儿童喂养状况比较。结果 西藏地区 3岁以下儿童辅食添加中糌粑 (熟青稞面和酥油茶的混合物 )添加最早 ,平均在出生后 1.98月龄 ,男童稍早于女童 ,但其他辅食的添加两者间差异无显著性。城市儿童添加辅食明显早于农村儿童 ,到 4月龄时 ,城市中仅有 10 .6 %的儿童尚未添加辅食 ,而农村却仍有 2 1.7%的儿童尚未添加 ;农区儿童添加辅食早于牧区儿童 ,到 4月龄尚未添加辅食的比例分别为 14 .2 %和 30 .9% ;鸡蛋和猪、牛、羊肉类的添加时间在 8～ 9月龄之间 ,城市添加比例和频率高于农村 ;西藏儿童到 6月龄时只有 11.5 %尚未添加任何辅食 ,明显低于西部 4 0个贫困县 (45 .2 % )。在动物性辅食的添加上 ,西藏儿童也较早 ,到 6月龄尚未添加任何动物性辅食的儿童比例为 4 9% ,而西部 4 0个县则为 6 1.4 %。到 6月龄时下列各类辅食的添加比例分别为 :糌粑 89.1%、鸡蛋 2 2 .1%、鲜奶 2 9.1%、猪牛羊肉2 3.5 %、蔬菜 17.5 %、豆制品 0 .75 %、鱼肉 1.0 3%、?

Objective To understand the feeding status of Tibetan children aged below three years old. Methods Cross-sectional study and randomly sampling were used. The information on complementary food was obtained through the recollection from mother of the child. Data of complementary food of Tibet children was compared with those of the children from the surveys of nine cities in China and 40 poor counties in western China. Results One thousand six hundred and fifty-five children were studied. The findings indicated that the age of introduction of Zanba (a kind food of mixture of highland barley flour and butter) was 1.98 months after birth and the age of introduction of egg and meat was about 8-9 months. Boys were fed with Zanba earlier than girls but there was no significant difference in the introduction of other complementary food between sexes. Urban children were introduced with complementary food earlier than rural children, and children in the agricultural region earlier than those in the pasturing region. The proportion of no introduction of any complementary food by the age of 4 months was about 10.6 % for urban children, but 21.7 % for rural children while 14.2 % for children in the agricultural region and 30.9 % for children in the pasturing region. The proportion of no introduction of complementary food was 11.5 % for Tibetan children compared with 45.2 % for the children of 40 poor counties in western China. The proportions of introduction of the following complementary foods were 89.1 % for Zanba, 22.1 % for egg, 29.1 % for fresh milk, 23.5 % for meat, 17.5 % for vegetable, 0.75 % for bean products, 1.03 % for fish and 3.35 % for chicken respectively. Conclusions The main complementary foods for Tibetan children included Zanba, milk, mutton and beef. There was a small amount of vegetable in diet. The introduction of bean, chicken and fish was not common. Early and monotony seemed to be the character of introduction of complementary food for Tibetan children. Improving introduction of complementary food is important in enhancing the nutritional status of Tibetan children.