同一车间中冲压工和下料工个体噪声暴露的测量与评价

Measurement and assessment on personal noise exposure in punching and cutting workers in the same workshop

目的 测量和评价同一车间中冲压工和下料工的环境噪声水平和个体噪声暴露水平。方法 用声级计在工人工作位耳高度测量 1min等效声级 (LAeq·1min) ,用个体计量仪测量工人 8h个体噪声暴露的等效声级 (LAeq·8h)。结果 冲压机和剪板机分别安装在车间的不同区域 ,各设备间无隔声装置。冲压工和下料工的个体噪声暴露水平随时间而不断变化 ,有代表性的采样时间难以确定 ,而用个体计量仪收集LAeq·8h的噪声暴露数据稳定性较好。冲压工和下料工工作位的LAeq·1min均为 (92 5± 2 1)dB(A) ,个体噪声暴露水平LAeq·8h分别为 (95 3± 2 5)dB(A)和 (95 2± 3 5)dB(A) ,LAeq·8h的测定数值高于LAeq·1min2 7～ 2 8dB(A) ,P <0 0 1。结论 在同一车间工作的冲压工和下料工的工作环境噪声水平相似、个体噪声暴露水平相似 ,个体噪声暴露水平明显高于环境噪声的测量数值。

Objective To measure and assess personal no ise exposure features and levels in punching and cutting workers in the same workshop. Methods Sou nd pressure level (L Aeq·1 min ) was measured with sound level meter at ear height working position and eight-hour weighted sound pressure level (L Aeq·8 h ) was me asured with dosimeter. Results Punching equipment and cutting equipment were f ixed at different places in the same workshop without sound isolation between eq uipment. The noise exposure level changed at different short duration of a workd ay for both punching workers and cutting workers. The data measured by dosimeter were more stable than those measured by sound level meter. The L Aeq·1 min in bo th punching and cutting workers was (92 5±2 1) dB(A). The L Aeq·8 h in punching w orkers was (95 3±2 5) dB(A) and cutting workers was (95 2±3 5) dB(A). The L Aeq·8 h was significantly higher than L Aeq·1 min by about 2 7-2 8 dB(A)( P <0 01). Conclusion The noise exposure levels of punching and cutting workers in the sa me workshop were nearly similar both in L Aeq·8 h and L Aeq·1 min .The dosimeter was more suitable to measure and assess complicated noise exposure than the sound l evel meter was.