许可证制、进入壁垒与北京市土地经济绩效

License,Barriers to Entry and the Land Performance in Beijing

本文指出 ,土地出让制度是一种许可证制 ,是由政府创造的一种进入壁垒。以协议出让为主的土地出让制度不仅导致了垄断 ,而且还导致了严重的“圈地运动”和寻租行为。因此 ,对土地市场而言 ,一方面要反垄断 ,改协议出让为拍卖出让 ,使许可证竞争 ;另一方面要鼓励竞争 ,使大的土地开发项目拆分为众多小的土地开发项目。

This paper points out that as a kind of license system, the Land Grant System (LGS) is an barrier to entry created by the government. The LGS mainly oriented by agreement not only results in the monopoly, but also facilitates the heavy 'Enclosure Movement' and rent-seeking activities. Therefore, the anti-monopoly should be enforced and the grant by agreement should be altered as by auction for license competition. On the other hand, the competition should be encouraged and the large land development project should be separated into many small ones.