祈令语的解读和新界定

Interpreting and re-defining the concept of mand

祈令语作为儿童语言发展中最早出现的言语行为,借助非言语性的刺激促使说话者产生新的言语和非言语行为,故受到研究者的广泛关注。乔姆斯基对斯金纳祈令语的界定,进行了激烈批判。此后,学界致力于祈令语界定的完善,其中最主要的两个界定分别建立在已形成操作(EO)和动机化操作(MO)之上。然而,学界对祈令语仍有较大的误解,鲜有研究深入解读祈令语。更为重要的是,MO基础上的祈令语的界定,仍可进一步完善。鉴于此,通过系统阐述祈令语的界定和分类,在综合相关学者的观点及祈令语泛化中MO和区别性刺激(S^Ds)之间关系的基础上,尝试将祈令语重新界定为:祈令语是一种言语操作反应,其形式受制于MO,S^Ds决定其是否出现,无须直接训练亦可出现新的祈令形式—反应泛化。

As the earliest verbal behavior in children’s language development,the mand promotes novel verbal and nonverbal behaviors via non-verbal stimulus,hence the great attention from many researchers.Since Chomsky launched a fierce attack on the definition of the mand by Skinner,the academic circle has been devoted to improving the definition of the mand.The two most important definitions of the mand are based on established operation(EO)and motivation operations(MO).However,there still exists some misunderstanding about the concept of mand in the academic circle,and few studies have deeply scrutinized the mand,so the definition of mand based on MO still needs to be further improved.In view of this,through the systematic introduction of the definition and classification of the mand,in reference to different scholars’viewpoints and by analyzing the relationship between MO and S^Ds in mand generalization,this study sets out to redefine the mand as a kind of verbal operant whose form is controlled by MO,and occurrence by S^Ds with new mand topographies’possible occurrence in the absence of direct training—response generalization.