论马尔库塞《单向度的人》的自由思想

On Freethinking of Marcuse's One-Dimensional Man

自由在西方哲学,尤其是近代西方哲学中是作为核心问题来讨论的,它是人本质地存在的方式,是真理和善的前提和基础。马尔库塞认为现代社会用人们积极争取来的经济自由、政治自由和思想自由来大大削减人的自由,经济秩序、政治权力、思想文化联合起来通过操纵人的需要而达到对立面的统一,在民主和多元化谎言的掩盖下,整个社会达到一致化,这是极权主义的伟大成就。单向度的思想是现代人不自由的根源,它是多元思想意识中的批判基础被剥夺后所导致的整个社会思想意识的一致化。人要摆脱被奴役状况就是要觉悟自己的自由,觉悟自由带给每个人绝对权利和绝对责任,觉悟自己就是自己的目的。

Freedom,as the core issue of modern Western philosophy,is existing approach of human beings and the premise and basis of the truth and kindness. Marcuse pointed out that freedom in economy,politics and thinking limited the real freedom of human in the modern society. The union of economy order,political power,and thinking cultures could be consistent with democracy and diversification,which was the result of totalitarian. One- dimensional thinking is the source of unfreedom of modern men. Therefore,human beings should realize their freedom and the power and obligation which came from freedom. In conclusion,consciousness meant the self- purpose.