从巴黎到卡托维兹:全球气候治理中的统一和分裂

From Paris to Katowice: the unified and divided in global climate governance

《巴黎协定》达成之后的实施细则谈判从一开始就面临各种挑战。尽管如此,卡托维兹气候大会基本完成了实施细则的磋商,通过统一规则的制定夯实了基于规则的气候治理框架,为"自下而上"的松散协定注入了更多规则绑定强制性色彩,提升了协定的法律地位。会议也见证了气候世界的分裂,包括主要缔约方立场的退化、谈判集团的分化重组、利益集团的博弈、对科学报告的分歧等,从而使关于力度的磋商没有实质进展。从巴黎到卡托维兹的谈判路程表明治理全球化、治理效率以及国家主权之间暂时存在"不可能三角"。未来的谈判应促进从规则到行动的转变。

The negotiation on rule book of Paris Agreement faces challenges as soon as it was started.Nevertheless, the negotiation was generally done in Katowice climate conference by passing the rule book by which the rule-based climate regime is enhanced. Meanwhile, the rule book injects more attribution of ‘top-down’to Paris Agreement which is characterized by ‘bottom-up’ and loose mechanisms, as a result the legal position of Paris Agreement is promoted. However, the conference also witnessed further separation of the climate world,shown as the union or re-grouping of negotiation groups, the degradation of major parties, arguments from interest groups, disagreements on latest sciences output. All these made no progress in ambition promotion. The road from Paris to Katowice shows we can’t simultaneously pursue governance efficiency, national self-determination, and global climate governance. Future negotiation should convert unified rules to real actions.