谣言与失序:清同治回民起义省思

Rumors and Disorder: Reflections on the Hui Uprising in Tongzhi Years of Qing Dynasty

自古以来,因谣言引起的冲突层出不穷、屡见不鲜。清同治回民起义,跟清代中国人口膨胀、资源竞争有关,反映了清末整个社会的失序,凸显了官府在社会危机应对中的不足。谣言之所以在此次社会冲突事件中起激变作用,是因为对异族的歧见和不信任情绪为此提供了土壤。是故,在一个统一的多民族国家,建立有效的涉民族因素舆论应对和社会危机管控机制,营造一种包容差异、容纳多样的社会观念紧迫而又任重道远。

Conflicts caused by rumors are endless and uncommon since ancient times. The Hui uprising in Tongzhi years of Qing dynasty was related to the expansion of the population of China and the competition of resources, which reflected the disorder of the whole society in late Qing Dynasty, highlighted the shortage of the government in coping with the social crisis. The reason for why rumors were taking such aggressive roles in this social conflict was the discrimination and mistrust against others, which provided soil to this purpose. Therefore, the establishment of effective ethnic factors coping and social crisis control mechanism in a unified multiethnic country, to create a social concept which could be inclusive to differences and varieties is still urgent and a long way to go.