明清时期湘西天王庙地理分布及其扩展原因探讨

Geographic Distribution of Tianwang Temple in Xiangxi in Ming and Qing Dynasty and Expanding Reasons

明代及清代早期湘西天王庙分布仅局限于以凤凰、乾州、永绥、泸溪为中心的湘西苗族聚集区,清嘉庆至道光年间湘西天王庙数量骤增,分布的空间地域范围逐渐扩展到湘西土家族聚集区,之后辐射到鄂、川、黔等湘西相邻地区。湘西天王庙空间分布区域的扩展,表面上是天王信仰文化现象的传播,实质上是中央王权的政治行为。中央王权的介入,使天王信仰成为一种形塑地方的政治力量。

At the early stage of Ming and Qing Dynasty, the distribution of Tianwang temple in Xiangxi was in gathering areas of Miao in Fenghuang, Ganzhou, Yongsui and Luxi. During Jiaqing and Daoguang periods, the numbers of the temples increased greatly and expanded to the gathering areas of Tujia People in Xiangxi, and later stretched to neighboring areas of E, Chuan and Qian. The expanding of distribution was the spreading of culture of Tianwang belief on the surface, actually the political behavior of central power. The interference of central power made Tianwang belief the political power shaping the local power.