场外有“场”——一个西北村庄“场”演生史的民族志

The "Field" Outside of the Threshing Ground——The Ethnography of the Evolution History of "Field" in a Northwest Village

场是农业社会中农民用于晾晒粮食和脱粒的生产空间,对于世代务农的中国农民,"场"是从事农业生产的需要,是农民世代相承的固定资产和家庭财富,是农民从事耕种职业的优势资本。近代以来,在中国社会转型的背景下,场的存在形态与社会属性也不断变化。H村的场伴随着村庄形成而出现,其存在形态经历了由个体家庭为单位向以村集体为单位场的历史演变,20世纪80年代又回归至以个体家庭为单位的场,直至今日村庄的走向终结,这种变迁实为近代以来全球化、现代化以及国家转型等三重场景中,中国农村社会转型中时代变迁的缩影。

The'Threshing Ground'is the production space particularly for farmers to dry and thresh grain in the agricultural society.For Chinese farmers who worked for generations,the'threshing ground'is a necessity to engage in agricultural production,the fixed assets and family wealth that farmers inherited from generation to generation,as well as the superior capital for farmers to engage in professional farming.The'Threshing Ground'had its own existent morphology(form/mode of existence)and social attributes in traditional society.Since modem times,under the background of Chinese social transformation,the existent mode and social attributes of the'threshing ground'have been changing constantly.The'threshing ground'of Hong’an Village emerged with its village formation,and its existing form experienced a historical evolution from individual family as a unit to village collective as a unit.In the 1980 s,it returned to the state of'threshing ground'of individual family as a unit until today,the village'threshing ground'has come to an end finally.This kind of change is actually the epitome of the social transformation in Chinese rural area along with time vicissitude under the triple scenes of globalization,modernization and the transformation of national form since recent years.