南非镇区的形成与延续:兼论城市族群居住模式

Formation and Continuation of Townships in South Africa:With Discussion on Ethnic Residential Model

多民族共居城市的族群居住模式是一个值得探讨的国际性论题。南非镇区(township)作为种族隔离时代城市规划的直接产物,至今依然是种族隔离制度在城市中的明显烙印。本文通过回顾镇区的形成过程,分析镇区是怎样和种族隔离制度联系在一起,在后种族隔离时代又如何延续,说明种族隔离制度对南非城市的深远影响以及转型后南非处理城市问题所面临的挑战。借鉴国际经验教训,应将族群居住模式纳入城市规划设计,以期促进族群和谐平等相处,实现真正意义上的城市繁荣。

The residential model of multi-ethnic in urban areas is an international topic worthy of discussion.The townships in South Africa as a direct result of urban planning in the era of apartheid,remain the most visible legacy of apartheid in the city.This article examines how the concept is linked to the apartheid system by reviewing the formation of townships and how it continues in the postapartheid era.Demonstrate the far-reaching impact of apartheid on South African cities and the challenges facing South Africa in dealing with urban issues after the transition.Drawing on international experience and lessons,the ethnic residential model should be incorporated into urban planning and spatial pattern design,with a view to promoting harmonious and equal coexistence among all ethnic groups and realizing urban prosperity in the true sense.