南岭与“多元一体”的瑶族——从费孝通的“瑶族共同体形成之问”出发

Nanling Ethnic Corridor and Multiple Integration of Yao People——From Feixiaotong’s Thinking on How the Yao People Have Gained the Identity of the Ethnic Community

早年金秀瑶山之行,是费孝通先生民族学人类学研究的起点,也是费孝通先生思考并提出'中华民族多元一体格局'及相关民族走廊理论的基础之一。不过,瑶族复杂来源与族群认同等问题一直困扰着他,以致留下瑶族共同体形成之间。与传统从人口迁徙角度探讨族群来源与认同不同,本文尝试从区域空间视角重新认识瑶族共同体形成的问题。一方面,多元来源的人群,在华南经济社会开发过程中,经由三种类型的多元'瑶化'历程,获得'瑶族'身份。另一方面,这些瑶族在空间上被压缩至南岭而出现'南岭化',在南岭化过程中,瑶族'一体化'认同得以形成。由是,恰如中华民族形成一般,经一个复杂且丰富的'多元一体'的漫长历史过程,瑶族获得族群共同体认同。

The trip of Yao mountain in Jinxiu in his early years was the starting point for Mr.FeiXiaotong’s research on ethnological anthropology,and it was also one of the foundations of Mr.FeiXiaotong’s thinking and proposing the'multiple integration of the Chinese nation'and related ethnic corridor theory.However,the complex sources of the Yao people and ethnic identity have been plagued by him,leaving the question of the formation of the Yao community.Different from the traditional migration from the perspective of population migration,this paper attempts to re-recognize the formation of the Yao community from the perspective of regional space.On the one hand,people from multiple sources,in the process of economic and social development in South China,obtained the status of'Yao'through three types of pluralistic'Yaohua'.On the other hand,these Yao people were compressed into the Nanling in space.In the process of Nanling,the'integration'of the Yao people was formed Therefore,just as the Chinese nation is formed in general,through a long and complicated historical process of'multiple integration',the Yao people have gained the identity of the ethnic community.