论和硕特部入藏与准噶尔部入藏中的几个问题

On Several Issues Concerning Khoshut’s Invasion of Tibet and Dzungar’s Invasion of Tibet

尽管存在着诸多差异,但和硕特部入藏事件与准噶尔部入藏事件也在很多方面具有相当程度的相似性。首先,两部入藏均以西藏僧俗高层,特别是格鲁派集团的迎请为重要前提,而在入据西藏的军事行动中,他们也都得到格鲁派集团的援助与支持。其次,两部入藏都具有维护藏传佛教格鲁派的护法性质,他们都通过包括打击其他宗派在内的各种措施维护格鲁派集团的利益。最后,两部入藏后都倚靠西藏僧俗高层统治西藏,并与之共同建立起具有蒙藏联合性质的西藏地方政府。然而,由于具体历史背景的差异,清政府及蒙藏高僧、学者的不同态度等诸多因素,这两次事件最终却形成了截然不同的历史形象。

Despite the many differences,Khoshut’s invasion of Tibet and Dzungar’s invasion of Tibet still have considerable similarities in some aspects.Firstly,Khoshut and Dzungar not only received assistance and support from the Gelug school in their military occupation of Tibet,but also took the invitation of the Gelug school as the prerequisite for their invasion of Tibet Secondly,both of the two events which protected interests of the Gelug school by various measures including religious persecution,had the nature of defending the Gelug school.Finally,Khoshut and Dzungar both ruled Tibet with high-level local monks and lay people jointly through the government which they established with Tibetans together.However,due to the diverse reasons such as different historical backgrounds,the prejudice of the Qing government and the bias of Mongolian-Tibetan monks and scholars,these two events had finally formed completely different historical images.