清水江流域宗族在家庭财产继承中的作用考察——以《天柱文书》为例

A Probe into the Patriarchal Clans From Property Inheritance:Focusing on Tianzhu Documents in Qingshuijiang River Basin

清至民国时期,在清水江流域天柱地区发现的民间契约中,涉及财产继承文献多且广,而宗族在契约订立中影响深远,无论在形式还是内容上,均可见其烙印。其中分关文书作为财产继承方式之大宗,分关中预留部分共产成为个体家庭与宗族之间联系的物质纽带;财产继承权主要赋予男性子孙,女性一般不在承继之列,尽量做到产不出族;分配中从仪式到分配方案,乃至纠纷调解,均彰显了宗族的影响力,进而揭示宗族在维系家庭延续性和社会稳定性等方面的积极意义。

From the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,there exist many and extensive documents concerning property inheritance among the folk contracts discovered in the Qingshuijiang River Basin,Tianzhu County.Effects of the patriarchal clan can be found in the forms and the contents of these documents.Family-dividing property documents are the major departents of inheritance of property,these reserved and shared property became the substance ties between Individual family and the patriarchal clan.The inheritance right of property was given to male descendants,and female descendants are generally not in the line of succession.The influences the patriarchal clan were showed in the distribution ceremony,distribution plan and the dispute?resolution,which revealed the positive meaning of the patriarchal clan in maintaining the family continuity and social stability.