国外家庭反向社会化研究述评

A Review of Researches on Reverse Socialization of Foreign Families

反向社会化概念自20世纪中叶提出以来,对家庭社会化、代际关系的变化研究产生了重大影响。国外关于家庭反向社会化的研究经历了三个阶段。20世纪五六十年代,反向社会化研究主要集中在婴儿以及童年早期对父母行为层面影响的探讨。20世纪70年代,反向社会化研究取得重大突破:研究方法从单纯的理论和现象的探讨转向实证研究;研究领域和内容从宽泛的行为和观念聚焦到家庭消费的反向代际影响;研究对象由婴幼儿群体向青少年群体转变。20世纪90年代以来,反向社会化研究的重点转向为信息网络使用领域,研究内容深入到孩子对父母价值观的影响。尽管如此,研究仍然存在许多局限:资料收集困难;实证研究缺乏;孩子影响父母的诸多变量缺乏进一步检验等等。借鉴国外的研究,可为国内反向社会化研究提供理论指导和实践经验。

Since the concept of reverse socialization was put forward around 1950 s,it has had significant effects on the study of the family socialization and the change of inter-generational relations. From1950 s to 1960 s,reverse socialization research mainly concentrated in infant and early childhood to explore how they affect the behavior of their parents. In the 1970 s,major breakthroughs were made in reverse social research: research methods turn from studies on pure theories and phenomena to empirical researches;research field and content change from the behavior and thinking studies to the reverse intergenerational effects which household consumption has;and the objects of study change from infants and children to teenagers. Since the 1990 s,reverse socialization research has focused on the use of information network and how children affect parents’ values. However,there are still many limitations: the data hard to collect,lack of the empirical research,lack of confirmation and so on. Foreign researches might provide theoretical guidance for domestic researches and practical experience.