新能源场站虚拟同步发电机技术研究及示范应用

Research and Demonstration Application of Virtual Synchronous Generator Technology in Renewable Energy Power Station

中国"三北"地区可再生能源装机占比普遍超过30%,高比例新能源电力系统形态已经基本形成。传统新能源电站面对高比例新能源接入电网频率/电压的扰动,无法提供有效的主动调频/调压支撑能力,会导致电力系统惯性和阻尼降低,给电网的安全稳定运行提出重大挑战。中国国家电网公司于2016年在张北风光储电站启动建设首个用于大电网的虚拟同步机示范工程,探索虚拟同步机多种实现方式和技术路线的可行性与经济性,已经取得阶段性成果。文中针对风电、光伏单元式虚拟同步机的不同技术路线进行了对比分析,介绍了虚拟同步发电机示范工程的进展情况,阐述了单元式、电站式两种虚拟同步机实现方式的工程实施方案,对已改造设备的运行情况进行了初步分析,对已改造设备的控制效果进行了实测验证。最后,文章对区域电网中虚拟同步机的控制应用方式以及预期效果作了初步分析,对关键技术的发展作了展望。

Renewable energy installed capacity has generally exceeded 30% in ‘Three North' areas of China. High proportion of renewable energy in power systems has already formed basically. Facing high proportion of renewable energy integrated power grid frequency/voltage disturbance for traditional renewable energy stations, effective active frequency/voltage regulation supporting capacity of traditional renewable power station can not be provided, and the inertia and damping of power systems will be reduced, which will bring major challenges to the safety and stability of power grid. The first virtual synchronous generator demonstration projects applied to large power system of State Grid Corporation of China are constructed in wind power, photovoltaic and energy storage station in Zhangbei in 2016. Technical feasibility and economic efficiency of multiple implementation methods and technical routes of virtual synchronous generator are explored. 24 photovoltaic virtual synchronous generators and 2 wind power virtual synchronous generators technical renovation have been accomplished by now and phased achievements have been made. Firstly in this paper, different technical routes of unit virtual synchronous generator of wind power and photovoltaic are compared and analyzed. And the progress of the virtual synchronous generator demonstration project is introduced. Project implementation plan of the unit-type and the stationtype virtual synchronous generators are elaborated, controlling characteristics of the photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator and the wind power virtual synchronous generators in demonstration project are validated by the field test. Finally, the control application mode and expected effects of virtual synchronous generator in region power grid are preliminary analyzed in this paper and the development of key technologies are discussed.