基于高温电解的大规模电力储能技术

Large Scale Energy Storage Technology Based on High-Temperature Electrolysis

电转气技术(power to gas,P2G)是实现中国可再生能源大规模消纳的潜在方案,其核心电解技术按照工作温度可划分为低温与高温电解两类,其中高温电解电池具有转换效率高、转换产物丰富以及支持可逆运行等优势,是未来能源与电力系统中极具吸引力的规模化储能技术。文章主要从电池结构、转换模式、系统接入等方面介绍高温电解技术的特点及其在电力储能中的潜在应用。电池结构方面,新兴的扁管式结构兼具了板式与管式的结构优点;转换模式方面,高温电解池可单独制取H_2或CO,也可共电解直接合成CH_4;系统接入方面,可采用纯电电解接入、余热辅助电解接入、可逆的储气发电接入等多种模式,从而在高效消纳可再生能源的同时提供丰富的灵活性资源。在能源互联网建设的大背景下,高温电解技术在大规模储能方面的应用指日可待。

Power-to-gas(P2G) presents a charming solution for the efficient utilization of massive surplus electricity production. The core technology for P2G can be further divided into two types by the operating temperature: low-temperature electrolysis and high-temperature electrolysis. Usually based on solid oxide electrolysis cells, the high-temperature electrolysis has advantages of high conversion efficiency, various(carbontolerant) products and reversible abilities. This paper presents a detailed introduction of the technical characteristics of hightemperature electrolysis and its potential applications in energy storage. Specifically, the following contents are included: the working principle and technical obstacles of high-temperature electrolysis and its primary differences with low-temperature electrolysis, the primary types and characteristic comparisons of high-temperature electrolysis cells, and several different material transformation modes and system operations of hightemperature electrolysis, and in the end, some possible manners and benefits of its application in the future energy internet.