十九世纪以来科学与哲学关系的两大思想传统

Two Ideological System Dealing with the Relationship between Science and Philosophy ever since the Nineteenth Century

辩证唯物主义哲学与实证主义哲学都是在十九世纪自然科学发展的基础上诞生的。前者重视自然科学的辩证法内容,后者强调自然科学知识的实证性。前者致力于科学与哲学的结合,认为只有辩证法才是适宜于科学发展的最好的思维形式;后者认为研究现象范围以外的问题诸如热的本质等是没有意义的,主张把哲学(称之为形而上学)从科学中排除出去。二十世纪以来两大哲学都有发展,现代马克思主义者应像当年马克思对待黑格尔那样,对实证主义哲学及其发展进行研究,吸取其中合理的内容,以丰富和改进马克思主义哲学与自然科学的关系。

Dialectic materialism and positivism, both developed from natural sciences in the nineteenth century, are two main ideological systems which hold different attitudes towards the relationship between science and philosophy. The former pays attention to dialectics in natural sciences and regards it as the best form of scientific thinking, while the latter emphasizes the importance of positive knowledge and considers metaphysical philosophy senseless stuff. with the great progress of science, each of them has made new advances in the twentith century.