论自然科学与自然史的关系

On the Relations Between the Science of Nature and the History of Nature...

自然科学不仅以自然界为研究对象、尤其以自然史为研究对象。在人类的认识史上,自然科学与其对象自然史的关系有一个曲折的发展过程。自然科学从与自然史原始的一致,经相反再到一致。现代自然科学的分类实质上反映了自然发展变化的各个阶段,科学的一体化则反映了自然演化发展的连续性。自然科学与自然史关系的历史发展所经历的道路。首先,它揭示了由分析到综合这一认识过程必须经由与该事物发展方向相反到一致的道路。其次,在逻辑的与历史的关系方面,逻辑的东西要将经历与认识过程一致但与客观事物本身的演化发展相反的阶段,达到不仅与认识过程一致,而且与客观事物本身的发展相一致。

Modern natural science shows that the science of nature not only takes the existing nature but the history of nature as its field of research; and that classification of natural science mirrors the different forms of motion in the existing nature, and in effect the various stages of the evolution of nature. The science system constructed by transition from one subject (or group of subjects) to another(or group of subjects) explores the whole history of the evolution of nature. The relations between the science of nature and the history of nature have gone from primitive consistency in ancient time, to the opposite direction after the 17th century, and back to consistency after the revolution of science in the 20th century. It shows that the consistency between what is logical and what is historical must experience the process of negation of negation.