跨文化传播政治经济研究中的“跨文化”涵义

Understanding the “Transcultural” in Transcultural Political Economy of Communication Research

与建制性跨文化传播研究中带有欧洲殖民主义和战后美国霸权胎记的"跨文化"概念不同,跨文化传播政治经济研究中的"跨文化"概念可以回溯到后殖民语境中古巴学者菲南多·奥梯茨提出的transculturation一词。这一概念特指殖民主义扩展中不同文化体系在不平等权力关系中的碰撞所导致的文化转型过程。跨文化传播政治经济研究将传播、政治经济结构和社会发展等问题放在全球资本主义体系与不同文化的碰撞和互动过程中来分析,强调传播和文化的社会历史嵌入性、社会主体的能动性以及挑战全球资本主义的现实可能性。

Differing from the 'intercultural' concept in the established subdiscipline of 'intercultural communication' in communication research, the 'transcultural' concept in the 'transcultural political economy of communication' approach derives its meaning from Cuban postcolonial scholar Fernando Ortiz’s concept of 'transculturation', which describes how unequal encounters between the colonial and the colonized led to a process of deculturation and acculturation. Aiming to integrate post-colonial cultural studies with political economy of communication research, the transcultural political economy of communication approach focuses on the mutually constitutive relationships between communication, political economic structure and social development in the process of unequal encounters between global capitalism and different cultures, and how such encounters lead to the creation of new sociocultural forms and practices. It emphasizes the social historically embedded nature of communication and culture, agency, as well as the possibility of transforming global capitalism.