中山市医疗放射工作人员职业健康现况及相关干预对策研究

Study on health status of radiation-exposed workers in Zhongshan city and relative intervention measures

目的通过对中山市医疗放射人员的健康体检资料的分析,了解其身体健康状况,为职业医疗健康工作的科学管理提供依据。方法对中山市医疗相关单位1012名放射工作人员进行了职业健康调查。结果受检的1012名医疗放射工作人员中男性785名,占77.57%;女227名,占22.43%,年龄范围19～74岁,平均年龄37.7±5.13岁。共检出常见病(单项指标)异常473例,异常率46.73%,外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率和微核率均正常,未检出疑似放射病。外周血液异常率28.85%,其中白细胞、红细胞、血红蛋白、血小板的异常率分别是3.75%、8.79%、10.08%、6.23%;眼晶状体混浊率40.79%。不同年龄和放射工龄间外周血液异常率和眼晶状体混浊率差异均有统计学意义(P>0. 05)。问卷调查结果显示,放射工作的医务人员对放射工作不满意的方面主要体现在:设备老旧,未及时更换;放射相关培训次数少;放射防护工作实施不足等。结论中山市在目前防护条件下的放射性作业环境比较安全,但从不同工龄和不同年龄的外周血象、眼晶体等指标结果看,仍存在不同程度的辐射损伤,放射线可损伤从业人员的健康,因而中山市相关医疗单位应进一步有针对性加强职业健康监护工作,且需加强对放射工作人员的培训,提高工作人员的放射防护意识,杜绝不规范操作,鼓励放射人员自身开展健身运动,合理膳食,提高身体素质。

Objective To analyze the health examination data of radiation workers in medical institutions in Zhongshan city and investigate their health status so as to provide evidence for future work and corresponding measures for radiation protection management and intervention. Methods Health examination was conducted in 1012 radiation workers in medical institution of Zhongshan city. Results Totally 1012 workers were examined,which includes 785 males and 227 females,and the average age was 37. 7 ± 5. 13 years. Abnormal results were found in 473( 46. 73%) workers. The peripheral blood cell count and peripheral lymphocyte micronucleus was normal. The abnormal rate in peripheral blood fluid was 28.85%,the abnormal rate of white blood cell,red blood cell,hemoglobin and platelet data and ophthalmology were 3. 75%,8. 79%,10. 08%,6. 23% and 40. 79%,respectively. Statistically significant differences were found between different seniority and peripheral blood fluid or ophthalmology( P<0.05). The result of the questionnaire survey shows that the medical workers of radiation work are not satisfied with the radiation work mainly in the aspects of old equipment,not changing in time,lock of radiation-related training,insufficient implementation of radiation protection work,and so on. Conclusions Under the current protection status,radioactive working environment in Zhongshan city is relatively safe. But there still exist radiation damage at different degree according to the results of peripheral blood and ocular lens indexes of workers at different age and different years of service. Because the radioactive ray can damage health of medical workers,it suggested that medical institutions should implement well radiation protection,enhance training of radiation workers,improve their awareness of radiation protection and regularize operations. Medical radiation workers should take part in physical exercise and adopt rational diets to improve physical constitution.