PCR技术在疾病基因检测方面应用进展

Progress in the application of PCR technology in detecting disease gene

聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)是最常用的分子生物学技术之一,通过变性、退火和延伸的循环来完成核酸分子的大量扩增。定量PCR技术克服了原有的PCR技术存在的不足,能准确敏感地测定模板浓度及检测基因变异等,快速PCR技术在保证PCR反应特异性、灵敏性和保真度的前提下,在更短时间内完成对核酸分子的扩增。由于PCR技术具有敏感性和特异性高、操作简便的优点,已成为疾病基因检测中一个必不可少的工具。本文主要对PCR技术在病原体、遗传病、肿瘤等疾病基因检测方面应用作一综述,以便更好地理解及应用这项技术。

Polymerase chain reaction( PCR) is one of the most commonly used molecular biology techniques to accomplish large-scale amplification of nucleic acid molecules through cycles of denaturation,annealing and extension. Quantitative PCR technology overcomes the shortcomings of the original PCR technology,which can accurately and sensitively determine template concentration and detect gene variation. Rapid PCR technology allows PCR to ensure the specificity,sensitivity and fidelity of PCR reaction. Amplification of the nucleic acid molecule is completed in a shorter time. Due to its sensitivity,specificity and ease of operation,PCR technology has become an indispensable tool for disease gene detection. This article reviews the application of PCR technology for pathogens,genetic diseases,tumors and other diseases for better understanding and applying this technology.