优化护理干预对学龄前儿童乙肝疫苗接种不良反应及疼痛程度的影响

The effects of optimize nursing care on preschool children with hepatitis b vaccination adverse reactions and pain degree

目的探讨优化护理干预对学龄前儿童乙肝疫苗接种不良反应及疼痛程度的影响。方法选取2017年6月—2018年11月中山市镇区收治的90例接种乙肝疫苗的学龄前儿童为观察对象,予以前瞻性分析并按照数表法将其分为观察组和对照组两组,每组各45例。对照组给予儿童接种疫苗的常规性护理干预,观察组则在其基础上给予儿童优化护理干预。比较两组儿童接种的不良反应、疼痛程度、儿童家属接种预防知识、遵医行为情况以及护理满意度。结果观察组儿童疫苗接种后腹泻、恶心呕吐、注射部位红肿以及发热的发生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组儿童的疼痛MBPS评分低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组儿童家属接种预防知识、遵医行为评分均高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组儿童家属的护理满意度为97.78%,高于对照组的77.78%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论优化护理干预能明显降低学龄前儿童乙肝疫苗接种后的不良反应发生率,缓解疼痛,提高家属满意度,值得推广应用。

Objective To explore the effect of optimized nursing intervention on adverse reactions and pain degree of preschool children during the injection of hepatitis b vaccination.Methods 90 cases of preschool students who received hepatitis b vaccination in township of Zhongshan during June 2017 and November 2018 were enrolled in the study.They were divided into observation group and control group according to the random number table,45 children in each.Conventional nursing was given to the kids in the control group when they receiving injection of hepatitis b vaccination,and optimized nursing intervention was applied in the children in observation group on the basis of control group.Adverse reactions,pain degree,vaccination knowledge of children’s family members,compliance with medical practices and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results The incidence of diarrhea,nausea and vomiting,redness and swelling at the injection site and fever in the observation group were lower than those in the control group after vaccination,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).MBPS scores of children in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The scores of vaccination knowledge and compliance behavior of children’s family members in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The nursing satisfaction of the children’s families in the observation group was 97.78%,higher than 77.78%in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions Optimization of nursing intervention could significantly reduce the incidence of adverse reactions to preschool children after hepatitis b vaccination,relieve pain,and improve family satisfaction,worthy of promotion and application.