齐齐哈尔部分社区慢性病居民自我保健意识现状调查

Investigation on the status of self-care awareness of part of patients with chronic diseases in Qiqihar

目的对齐齐哈尔市部分社区慢性病居民自我保健情况进行调查,为提高健康水平及针对性的健康教育提供数据支持。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法获取研究样本,由社区卫生服务中心工作人员进行问卷调查。结果本次调查对象共757例,其中高血压患者559例(男性312例,女性247例),糖尿病患者494例(男性292例,女性202例),同时患两种慢性病患者296例(男性169例,女性127例)。调查结果显示,每天服用降压药者占61.00%(男性57.37%,女性65.59%),偶尔或必要时服用和从不服用的比例分别为33.09%(男性34.62%,女性31.17%)、5.91%(男性8.01%,女性3.24%),不同性别间服用降压药物的频率差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.34,P=0.03),女性服药依从性高于男性。57.25%(男性61.22%,女性52.23%)的患者最近一次测血压时间在1周内,28.62%(男性26.28%,女性31.58%)的患者最近一次测血压时间在1个月内,14.13%(男性12.50%,女性16.19%)的患者最近一次测血压时间在1个月以上。最近一次测量血压的时间分布在性别间差异无统计学意义(χ2=4.63,P=0.10)。经医生诊断目前血压正常者占63.50%(男性58.33%,女性70.04%),目前血压不正常者占31.13%(男性34.62%,女性26.72%)不清楚者占5.37%(男性7.05%,女性3.24%)。女性高血压患者的达标情况高于男性,差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.47,P=0.01)。每天服用降糖药的糖尿病患者占80.57%(男性78.77%,女性83.17%);偶尔或必要时服用和从不服用的比例分别为14.98%(男性15.41%,女性14.36%)、4.45%(男性5.82%,女性2.47%)。不同性别间服用降糖药物的频率差异无统计学意义(χ2=3. 38,P=0. 18)。80. 16%(男性78.08%,女性83.17%)的患者最近一次测血糖时间在1个月内,13.36%(男性14.38%,女性11.88%)的患者最近一次测血糖时间在3个月内,6.48%(男性7.54%,女性4.95%)的患者最近一次测血糖时间在3个月以上。最近一次测量血糖的时间分布在性别间差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.18,P=0.34)。经医生诊断目前血糖正常者占66.40%(男性62.67%,女性71.78%);目前血糖不正常者占28.34%(男性30.82%,女性24.75%),不清楚者占5.26%(男性6.51%,女性3.47%)。不同性别间血糖值达标情况差异无统计学意义(χ2=5.14,P=0.08)。结论调查显示社区慢性病居民的自我保健意识有待提高,且存在性别差异,女性服药依从性及达标情况高于男性,应采取有效的措施以改善这部分人群的自我保健意识,进而提高人群健康状况。

Objective To investigate the status of self-care awareness of part of patients with chronic diseases in the survey area in Qiqihar,in order to provide scientific basis for improving health and targeted health education.Methods The method of stratified-cluster random sampling method was used to obtain samples.Questionnaires were conducted by the staff who worked in the center of community health service.Results A total of 757 people were investigated,including 559 hypertensive patients(312 males and 247 females)and 494 diabetic patients(292 males and 202 females).At the same time,there were 296 patients with both two kinds of chronic diseases(169 males and 127 females).According to the survey results,61.00%(57.37%males and 65.59%females)of the patients took antihypertensive drugs every day.The proportion of occasional or necessary taking and never taking was 33.09%(34.62%males,31.17%females),5.91%(8.01%males and 3.24%females).The frequency of taking antihypertensive drugs between different genders was statistically significant(χ2=7.34,P=0.03).The drug compliance of drug of female patients was higher than male patients.57.25%(male61.22%,female 52.23%)of the study population had the latest detection of their blood pressure within one week,28.62%(male 26.28%,female 31.58%)had the latest detection of their blood pressure within on e month,and14.13%(male 12.50%,female 16.19%)detected over one month.There was no significant difference in the time distribution of blood pressure measurement between genders(χ2=4.63,P=0.10).63.50%of the patients(male58.33%)with normal blood pressure and 31.13%(male 34.62%,female 26.72%)of them were abnormal in blood pressure,and it was not clear in 5.37%(male 34.62%,female 26.72%)of the patients.The achievement rate of hypertension control in female patients was significantly higher than that in males(χ2=9.47,P<0.01).80.57%of diabetic patients took hypoglycemic drugs every day(78.77%for males and 83.17%for females),14.98%(15.41%for males and 14.36%for females)and 4.45%(5.82%for males and 2.47%for females)of the patients taken hypoglycemic drugs occasionally or when necessary or never.There was no significant difference in the frequency of taking hypoglycemic drugs between different genders(χ2=3.38,P=0.18).80.16%of the patients(78.08%for males and 83.17%for females)had latest measurement of blood glucose within one month,13.36%(14.38%for males and 11.88%for females)within three months,and 6.48%(7.54%for males and 4.95%for females)had the latest blood glucose measure over 3 months.The time distribution of the last blood glucose measurement was not statistically significant between the genders(χ2=2.18,P=0.34).The current diagnosis of blood glucose by doctors indicated that the concentration of blood glucose was normal in 66.40%(62.67%males and 71.78%females)of the patients,and abnormal in 28.34%(male 30.82%,female 24.75%),and unclear in 5.26%(male 6.51%,female 3.47%).There was no significant difference in the control effects between different genders.Conclusions The self-care awareness of patients with chronic diseases needs to be improved,and with statistically significant difference between genders.Female patients were better than male patients in medication compliance and control effects.Effective measures should be taken to improve the self-care awareness and the health of the population.